iran intelligence agencies

Secret or summary trials of 5 minutes duration occurred. LONDON: Iran is concealing the true scale of its nuclear program from the international community, Western intelligence agencies have warned. And there is no possibility to organize. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. Demonstrations on December 9 and 10 were also broken up violently by Basiji forces. The years 1981 and 1982 were marked by extensive political violence as the political elite other groups contested for power, with organized gangs attacking individuals and organizations considered to be enemies of the Revolution. The government responded by carrying out mass arrests and executions. He gave no details of the court proceedings against the four, which apparently were conducted in secret. Tehran also uses social media platforms to target US and allied audiences, an issue discussed in the Online Influence Operations and Election Interference section of this report. Initially, the organization was known as SAVAMA, and intended to replace SAVAK, Iran's intelligence agency during the rule of the Shah, but it is unclear how much continuity there is between the two organizations—while their role is similar, their underlying ideology is radically different. The five ministers since the founding of the ministry, have been Mohammad Reyshahri (under Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi), Ali Fallahian (under President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani), Ghorbanali Dorri-Najafabadi (under President Mohammad Khatami, resigned after a year), Ali Younessi (under President Khatami, until 24 August 2005), Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei (under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, from 24 August 2005 to 24 August 2009) and Heyder Moslehi (under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, from 29 August 2009 to 15 August 2013). The security forces often do not inform family members of a prisoner's welfare and location. The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) today released “Iran Military Power,” an intelligence product that examines the core capabilities of Iran's military. The trial was closed, and the defendants were not allowed to choose their own lawyers. Finally, the government got the approval of Ayatollah Khomeini to make it a ministry, but a restriction was added to the requirements of the minister: that he must be a doctor of Islam. Paramilitary volunteer forces known as Basijis, and gangs of thugs, known as the Ansar-e Hezbollah (Helpers of the Party of God), who often are aligned with specific members of the leadership, act as vigilantes, and are released into the streets to intimidate and threaten physically demonstrators, journalists, and individuals suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. A popularly elected 270-seat (to be increased by 20 seats in 2000) unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly, or Majles, develops and passes legislation. It is headquartered in Beijing and has 17 known bureaus or divisions, including a counterintelligence division and a social research division.The MSS plays a central role in censoring the internet in China, cutting off the population from the outside world and allowing the government to control what influences the Chinese people. It was attended by over 2,000 within the walls of the campus, with a larger crowd outside. Several revolutionary foundations and a number of Majles deputies within Iran repudiated the Government's pledge and emphasized the "irrevocability" of the fatwa, or religious ruling, by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989, calling for Rushdie's murder. The mullahs of Iran assert that by virtue of the 1979 revolution they have acquired the status of "guardians" of all Muslims throughout the world. Reliable and valid information on the ministry is often difficult to obtain. Iran's Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) - the state official organization that makes foreign and military decisions and Supreme Leader's Intelligence Unit are two semi-collateral organizations that gather all the intelligence authorities. It is suspected that the new government was initially eager to purge SAVAK elements from the new organization, but that pragmatism eventually prevailed, with ma… For example, defendants have the right to a public trial, may choose their own lawyer, and have the right of appeal. The a… The preamble to the Iranian Constitution vests supreme authority in the faqih, the just and pious jurist who is recognized by the majority of the people at any period as best qualified to lead the nation. If a situation was not addressed by statutes enacted after the 1979 revolution, the Government advised judges to give precedence to their own knowledge and interpretation of Islamic law, rather than rely on statutes enacted during the Pahlavi monarchy. The Government arrested the leaders of the Iran Nations Party in the aftermath of the July 1999 demonstrations. Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted. Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi resigned as the head of the judiciary in August 1999, and was replaced by Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahrudi. There is some form of freedom of speech that is a little bit different from the Soviet Union at the time of the worst repression, or China. Baha'is are considered apostates because of their claim to a religious revelation subsequent to that of the Prophet Mohammed. Students boycotted classes for almost 2 weeks and in the largest pro-reform demonstrations in 3 years, crowds of up to 5,000 students at college campuses called for freedom of speech and major political reforms, and denounced the Aghajari death sentence as "medieval." The other is the Qods Force, a branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (IRGC), which conduct special intelligence operations outside of Iran. Indictments often lacked clarity and included undefined offenses such as "antirevolutionary behavior," "moral corruption," and "siding with global arrogance." By Bill Galluccio. He was finally freed from house arrest on January 2003 amid concern over his deteriorating health. In such cases, there exist frequent overlaps among offices tasked with espionage,… The legitimacy of the Special Clerical Court (SCC) system continues to be a subject of debate. [3] Initially, the organization was known as SAVAMA,[4] and intended to replace SAVAK, Iran's intelligence agency during the rule of the Shah, but it is unclear how much continuity there is between the two organizations—while their role is similar, their underlying ideology is radically different. Their decisions must … WASHINGTON—U.S. The concept of Velayt-e-Faqih ("Supreme Religious Guardian"), or the right of clerics to rule over the Islamic community, is central to the interpretation of Islam of Ayatollah Khomeini and his successors. U.S. Intelligence Agencies Say Iran, Russia Have Tried to Meddle in 2020 Election By Reuters , Wire Service Content Oct. 22, 2020 By Reuters , Wire Service Content Oct. 22, 2020, at 8:00 a.m. Iran Military Power, Defense Intelligence Agency, November 2019. Iran’s Judiciary Spokesman Gholamhossein Esmaili had announced in August 2020 that the country’s security forces had arrested several spies cooperating with foreign intelligence agencies. Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri, the former designated successor of the late Spiritual Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, and an outspoken critic of the Supreme Leader, remained under house arrest and heightened police surveillance the end of 2002. In August 1999 the commander of the security forces, General Hedayat Lotfian, was summoned before the Parliament to explain the role of his officers in the dormitory raid. Prisoners also may be denied visits by family members and legal counsel. In addition, families of executed prisoners do not always receive notification of the prisoner's death. 2012). The judicial system was designed to conform, where possible, to an Islamic canon based on the Koran, Sunna, and other Islamic sources. A government clampdown through the use of Basiji and other forces led to a quiet period of two weeks that ended on December 7, when there was a large demonstration at the University of Tehran. It is suspected that the new government was initially eager to purge SAVAK elements from the new organization, but that pragmatism eventually prevailed, with many experienced SAVAK personnel being retained in their roles. The other is the Qods Force, a branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (IRGC), which conduct special intelligence operations outside of Iran. It has been reported that Mossad cooperates with Middle Eastern countries, with the common topic being Iran’s nuclear program. There are elections that are not free. Identifying Small Arms and RPGs Produced in Iran, U.S. Army National Ground … China and Iran are working to sway U.S. voters against President Donald Trump while Russia is working against his rival, Joe Biden, intelligence agencies said Friday. In September 1999 the head of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, Hojatoleslam Gholamhossein Rahbarpour, was quoted as saying that 1,500 students were arrested during the riots, 500 were released immediately after questioning, 800 were released later, and formal investigations were undertaken against the remaining 200. Senior U.S. intelligence officials have accused both Russia and Iran of trying to interfere with the 2020 presidential election, drawing swift denials from Moscow and Tehran. Owing to the ambiguous nature of their work, however, some countries often don't have a clear place for their intelligence apparatus within the government hierarchy. • Iranian cyber actors are targeting US Gover… Pro-democracy demonstrations by students in Iran during 2002 did not lead to greater freedoms. Iran continues to present a cyber espionage and attack threat.Iran uses increasingly sophisticated cyber techniques to conduct espionage; it is also attempting to deploy cyber attack capabilities that would enable attacks against critical infrastructure in the United States and allied countries. Supporters of outlawed political organizations, such as the Mujahedin-e Khalq organization, are believed to make up a large number of those executed each year. The IRGC has also worked with MOIS on offensive cyber-intelligence measures. He also announced that four student leaders were sentenced to death by a Revolutionary Court for their role in the demonstrations. Two years later, the Iranian Supreme Court reduced two of the death sentences to life. Mahmoud Alavi has been the Minister of Intelligence and Agency Executive of MOIS since 2013. The Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: وزارت اطّلاعات جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎, romanized: Vezarat-e Ettela'at Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran) is the primary intelligence agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran and a member of the Iran Intelligence Community. Human Rights Watch reported that, according to witnesses, at least 4 students were killed in the assault on the dormitory, 300 were wounded, and 400 were taken into detention. The arrests were made in the province in the past Iranian calendar year … After Khomeini's death Khamenei succeeded to the office of faqih. This volume in DIA's series of military power reports provides details on Iran's defense and military goals, strategy, plans, and intentions. Revolutionary Court judges acted as both prosecutor and judge in the same case, and judges were chosen in part based on their ideological commitment to the system. TEHRAN, April 5 (Xinhua) -- Iran's northwestern East Azarbaijan Province arrested a number of people spying for foreign intelligence services, official Islamic Republic News Agency reported Monday. Baha'is may not teach or practice their faith or maintain links with co-religionists abroad. The defendants were held for more than 1 year without being charged formally or given access to lawyers. intelligence agencies Tuesday afternoon published their conclusions about foreign threats posed to the 2020 U.S. presidential election, concluding Russia and Iran were the most active foreign adversaries involved in attempting to influence the outcome.. It examines the organization, structure and capability of … Those who do receive such information reportedly have been forced on occasion to pay the Government to retrieve the body of their relative. The two most active are the traditional courts, which adjudicate civil and criminal offenses, and the Islamic Revolutionary Courts. Several of these figures disputed the legitimacy and position of the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Trials are adjudicated by panels of judges. Defendants did not have the right to confront their accusers. The Government intervened to stop the rioting and announced a 14 July 1999 counter-demonstration of regime loyalists and off-duty government workers, many of whom were bussed in from other cities for the demonstration. Trials against Baha'is have reflected this view. 5 “Intelligence and Law” [ å î ç × í Ë ü Ã ], Jame Jam Online [Tehran], February 11, 2009, http://www. The party is a secular nationalist movement that predates the revolution and is viewed as a threat by certain elements of the Government. Iran Intelligence Agencies. There is some form of freedom of expression for a very limited number of people who are in or on the fringes of the ruling oligarchy. The party was accused of inciting rioters and of encouraging disparaging slogans against "sacred values." It is also known as VAJA and previously as VEVAK (Vezarat-e Ettela'at va Amniyat-e Keshvar) or alternatively MOIS. According to press reports, Institute director Behrouz Geranpayeh was interrogated and held incommunicado for more than a month. Most of these institutions are externally focused. Under the title of “How Are Intelligence Agencies Coordinated” Fars’ story read, “During the last two decades, new intelligence-security … The Supreme Court has limited authority to review cases. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Article 157 provides that the head of the judiciary shall be a cleric chosen by the Supreme Leader. Some are released; others continue to be held in prison. Trials in the Revolutionary Courts, in which crimes against national security and other principal offenses are heard, were notorious for their disregard of international standards of fairness. Political parties are non-existent unless they accept the ruling principle of the Islamic Republic. The ministry is one of the three "sovereign" ministerial bodies of Iran due to nature of its work at home and abroad.[2]. The former head of the Iran Nations Party, Darioush Forouhar, was murdered along with his wife in late 1998 by agents of the Iranian intelligence service. Reliable and valid information on the ministry is often difficult to obtain. Police forces reportedly looked on and allowed repeated attacks against the students and their dormitory. Press reports indicated that law enforcement officials and the "plainclothes" force broke up the demonstration using batons, whips, and belts, and arrested over 200 persons, many of whom were still being held at the end of the year. All were charged with a combination of spying for the US, illegal contacts with foreign embassies, working with anti-regime groups, and carrying out research on the order of the foreign polling organization; although government intelligence officials had publicly stated that the accused were not spies. The Government enforces house arrest and other measures to restrict the movements and ability to communicate of several senior religious leaders whose views regarding political and governance issues were at variance with the ruling orthodoxy. By the end of 1982 an estimated 7,500 persons had been executed or killed in street battles with the Pasdaran. All legislation passed by the Majles is reviewed for adherence to Islamic and constitutional principles by a Council of Guardians, which consists of six clerical members, who are appointed by the Supreme Leader, and six lay jurists, who are appointed by the head of the judiciary and approved by the Majles.
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